| La inmigración y el trabajador americano, Una revisión de la literatura académica. © CIS |
Borjas, George J. Immigration and the American Worker. A Review of the Academic Literature- Washington D.C.,. © Center for Immigration Studies, April, 2013, 26 p. At current levels of around one million immigrants per year, immigration makes the U.S. economy (GDP) significantly larger, with almost all of this increase in GDP accruing to the immigrants themselves as a payment for their labor services. For American workers, immigration is primarily a redistributive policy. Economic theory predicts that immigration will redistribute income by lowering the wages of competing American workers and increasing the wages of complementary American workers as well as profits for business owners and other “users” of immigrant labor. Although the overall net impact on the native-born is small, the loss or gain for particular groups of the population can be substantial. The best empirical research that tries to examine what has actually happened in the U.S. labor market aligns well with economy theory: An increase in the number of workers leads to lower wages. This report focuses on the labor market impact of immigration. Immigration also has a fiscal impact — taxes paid by immigrants minus the costs they create for government. The fiscal impact is a separate question from the labor market impact. This report does not address the size of the fiscal impact. Palabras Clave: Estados Unidos, inmigración, flujos migratorios, trabajadores inmigrantes, mano de obra, mercado laboral, impacto fiscal, literatura académica Clasificación JEL: E32, F22, J13, O15, O18, O54, O51, R23, R28, Y10 |
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